EPIC Instruction

At the beginning of this school year we had an inservice for staff designed to look at different ways to deliver instruction built around a theme that instruction for today's generation of students has to be "EPIC". EPIC is an acronym coined by Tim Elmore for instruction that is Experiential, Participatory, Image Rich and Connected. EPIC instruction certainly looks different than traditional lecture delivery, and it feels different for students and teachers alike. Our approach of evolving to a project based model of instruction is built on the platform of EPIC instructional delivery.

Well-known New York educator Pedro Noguera has often said, "I can spend all day teaching my dog Spanish - that doesn't mean that at the end of the day he can speak it". For years education has been built on the instructional delivery model of teachers lecturing, students taking notes, and subsequently "regurgitating" the information. One need go no further than personal experience to evaluate whether that model led to long term retention...in my case I can say unequivocally that I no longer remember much of what I "learned" during my college experience (and no, it's not because of the number of years that have passed...).

More recent research is clear that retention and "learning" is based largely on experience. Few of us learn by having someone tell us information. EPIC instruction is based on the premise that students must experience and participate in the learning and the delivery of learning, and that the role of the teacher must transform into one of "guide on the side" vs. "sage on the stage".

This article details that transformation through the lens of experiences of a college physics instructor. As I visit the classrooms of our building, I can say with a high degree of certainty that EPIC instruction works, it's more engaging, and develops a deeper understanding of material.

Physicists Seek To Lose The Lecture As Teaching Tool
by Emily Hanford

January 1, 2012

Listen to the Story
All Things Considered
[7 min 50 sec] Add to Playlist
Download
Transcript
text size A A A January 1, 2012 from APM The lecture is one of the oldest forms of education there is.

"Before printing someone would read the books to everybody who would copy them down," says Joe Redish, a physics professor at the University of Maryland.

But lecturing has never been an effective teaching technique and now that information is everywhere, some say it's a waste of time. Indeed, physicists have the data to prove it.

When Eric Mazur began teaching physics at Harvard, he started out teaching the same way he had been taught.

"I sort of projected my own experience, my own vision of learning and teaching — which is what my instructors had done to me. So I lectured," he says.

He loved to lecture. Mazur's students apparently loved it, too. They gave him great evaluations and his classes were full.

"For a long while, I thought I was doing a really, really good job," he says.

But then in 1990, he came across articles written by David Hestenes, a physicist at Arizona State. Hestenes got the idea for the series when a colleague came to him with a problem. The students in his introductory physics courses were not doing well: Semester after semester, the class average never got above about 40 percent.

"I noted that the reason for that was that his examination questions were mostly qualitative, requiring understanding of the concepts rather than just calculational, using formulas, which is what most of the instructors did," Hestenes says.

Hestenes had a suspicion students were just memorizing the formulas and never really getting the concepts. So he and a colleague developed a test to look at students' conceptual understanding of physics. It's a test Maryland's Redish has given his students many times.

Here's a question from the test: "Two balls are the same size but one weighs twice as much as the other. The balls are dropped from the top of a two-story building at the same instant of time. The time it takes the ball to reach the ground will be..."

The possible answers include about half as long for the heavier ball, about half as long for the lighter ball, or the same time for both. This is a fundamental concept but even some people who've taken physics get this question wrong.

To get to the answer, Redish went to the second floor of the physics building. A group of his students was on the sidewalk below. When he reached the top, he dropped two balls from the roof.

The two balls reached the ground at the same time. Sir Isaac Newton was the first person who figured out why. He came up with a law of motion to explain how two balls of different weights, dropped from the same height, hit the ground simultaneously.

While most physics students can recite Newton's second law of motion, Harvard's Mazur says, the conceptual test developed by Hestenes showed that after an entire semester they understood only about 14 percent more about the fundamental concepts of physics. When Mazur read the results, he shook his head in disbelief. The test covered such basic material.

"I gave it to my students only to discover that they didn't do much better," he says.

The test has now been given to tens of thousands of students around the world and the results are virtually the same everywhere. The traditional lecture-based physics course produces little or no change in most students' fundamental understanding of how the physical world works.

"The classes only seem to be really working for about 10 percent of the students," Arizona State's Hestenes says. "And I maintain, I think all the evidence indicates, that these 10 percent are the students that would learn it even without the instructor. They essentially learn it on their own."

He says that listening to someone talk is not an effective way to learn any subject.

"Students have to be active in developing their knowledge," he says. "They can't passively assimilate it."

This is something many people have known intuitively for a long time — the physicists just came up with the hard data. Their work, along with research by cognitive scientists, provides a compelling case against lecturing. But with budgets shrinking and enrollments booming, large classes aren't going away. You don't have to lecture in a lecture hall though.

Mazur's physics class is now different. Rather than lecturing, he makes his students do most of the talking.

At a recent class, the students — nearly 100 of them — are in small groups discussing a question. Three possible answers to the question are projected on a screen. Before the students start talking with one another, they use a mobile device to vote for their answer. Only 29 percent got it right. After talking for a few minutes, Mazur tells them to answer the question again.

This time, 62 percent of the students get the question right. Next, Mazur leads a discussion about the reasoning behind the answer. The process then begins again with a new question. This is a method Mazur calls "peer Instruction." He now teaches all of his classes this way.

"What we found over now close to 20 years of using this approach is that the learning gains at the end of the semester nearly triple," he says.

One value of this approach is that it can be done with hundreds of students. You don't need small classes to get students active and engaged. Mazur says the key is to get them to do the assigned reading — what he calls the "information-gathering" part of education — before they come to class.

"In class, we work on trying to make sense of the information," Mazur says. "Because if you stop to think about it, that second part is actually the hardest part. And the information transfer, especially now that we live in an information age, is the easiest part."

Mazur's approach is one of many developed in response to evidence that traditional lectures don't work. Among the advocates of these approaches there's an increasing sense of urgency about how to help more students do better.

"We need to educate a population to compete in this global marketplace," says Brian Lukoff, an education researcher at Harvard. "We can't do that by just sort of picking out 10 percent and saying, 'Oh you guys are going to be the successful ones,' and you know we need a much larger swath of that population to be able to think critically and problem-solve."

But ask anyone involved with efforts to lose the lecture and they'll tell you they encounter resistance. Sometimes the stiffest opposition comes from the students.

"Revamping my entire education, you know, philosophy for this one class was a bit daunting," says Ryan Duncan, a sophomore in Mazur's class.

But he adapted and says he learned more in Mazur's class than he did in his other physics course at Harvard.

Maryland's Redish says when he lays out the case against lecturing, colleagues often nod their heads, but insist their lectures work just fine. Redish tells them — lecturing isn't enough anymore.

"With modern technology, if all there is is lectures, we don't need faculty to do it," Redish says. "Get 'em to do it once, put it on the Web, and fire the faculty."

Some faculty are threatened by this, but Mazur says they don't have to be. Instead, they need to realize that their role has changed.

"It used to be just be the 'sage on the stage,' the source of knowledge and information," he says. "We now know that it's not good enough to have a source of information."

Mazur sees himself now as the "guide on the side" – a kind of coach, working to help students understand all the knowledge and information that they have at their fingertips. Mazur says this new role is a more important one.

American Radioworks is the documentary series from American Public Media. You can find more of their reporting on this issue at "Don't Lecture Me."

Signing Off

After six years as Principal of North High School, I have accepted a position as Chief Academic Officer and Director of the Upper School at Detroit Country Day School in Beverly Hills, MI. DCDS is one of the top schools in the nation, and this opportunity and challenge is one I couldn't turn down.

It has been a great run at North, and I have been blessed by the many wonderful young people, faculty members and community members who have been part of the Norseman nation during my years at North. I want to sincerely thank each of you for your support, and for your commitment to North High School. I will be moving the Principal's Office blog off the North website soon, but plan to continue blogging under a new address. Hopefully those of you have found some interest in my all too infrequent posts will continue to follow as I will continue to follow my many friends at GPN.

Grosse Pointe North is a wonderful school of caring, compassionate educators, and devoted, dedicated students and parents. I wish success and happiness to everyone wearing the Green & Gold.

Thanks and Best Wishes,

Tim Bearden

Let's Fight It Together - Joe's Story - Cyber-Bullying

Cyber bullying is a real issue that impacts young people in today's social media environment. Almost every conflict that arises between students at North either began online or through texts, or is prolonged electronically. Yesterday I went with members of the North staff to a Cyberbullying workshop and saw this video. It is a poignant look at the kind of daily issues with which our students are faced.

The week after Thanksgiving we will be holding class assemblies to discuss a variety of issues with our students, and this is one of our topics. I urge parents to discuss cyber bullying, online etiquette, and online safety with their sons / daughters and to closely monitor their social network profiles and activities. The benefits and potential of social networking are limitless, but the potential pitfalls and inherent dangers are real concerns.

Flipping the Classroom

Recently there has been a lot of discussion in the world of education regarding the concept of "Flipping the Classroom". Essentially, the idea is that instead of students practicing that which they've learned as part of a homework assignment, they do the practice in class under the tutelage of the teacher, and use time outside of the classroom to investigate concepts either through video, text or web based resources. This idea is analogous to the coach of an athletic team who has his players study the playbook on their own time, but uses practice to actually perfect their work. While I'm not sold on the concept as a wholesale change from the way we use class time now, there are certainly some possibilities for this approach.

The Khan Academy (http://www.khanacademy.org) is dedicated to providing a free education to anyone, anywhere in the world. The website offers thousands of videos on a wide variety of topics - especially mathematics - that can be used as the presentation of new material, or as reinforcement of lessons introduced in the classroom. In some schools which have adopted the "Flipped Classroom" teachers from the school are creating videos and podcasts to deliver instruction, and using class time to practice what was presented.

Students and parents will experience some lessons where teachers experiment with this approach, and we would love to hear feedback. In the meantime, visit the Khan Academy site for resources to augment instruction here at North. For more on the Khan Academy approach view this clip.

21st Century Skills Culture at High Tech High

Often I hear adults bemoaning the fact that kids text more than they talk. Many adults believe that students' digital communications have resulted in them being less effective in interacting face to face. While that may be true, and to a certain degree I agree that face to face interaction is a real skill that we must teach, it is also apparent to me that the advent of social media and various technologies has not only not hurt our students' ability to interact - these technologies have enhanced that ability.


Our students are more thoroughly connected, and more broadly connected to a variety of people, than ever before in our world's history. Almost every student is a content creator - volumes of content is published every day on Facebook and various social media sites. Kids are writers on Facebook and blogs, filmmakers on You Tube, critics on all these sites, composers on Garage Band and iNudge, graphic designers on Glogster, moderators in various groups, and content creators in any number of wonderful ways. They interact with one another in both surface, superficial ways and deep, meaningful ways. Adults who do not see the relevance and importance of social media and available technologies run the risk of losing valuable relationship opportunities and credibility.



Every generation of adults has pined for the "good old days" when things were the way they remembered as a kid - sometimes with good reason, and other times through rose colored glasses. A critical lesson we need to learn from history is that change will occur - we can't slow the sands of the hourglass nor the evolution of human ingenuity. As educators, the greatest "fail" with today's students is to resist the technologies that are the lifeblood of our young people. By embracing those technologies, we not only gain their potential benefits, we build credibility, empathy and engagement opportunities with our students.



For a look at a "school of the future" to see that embracing technology, creativity, and project based learning is a way to not only cultivate confident, competent, creative problem solvers, but also a way to build strong relationships, see the video of California's High Tech High:

Relationships and Technology

Often I hear adults bemoaning the fact that kids text more than they talk. Many adults believe that students' digital communications have resulted in them being less effective in interacting face to face. While that may be true, and to a certain degree I agree that face to face interaction is a real skill that we must teach, it is also apparent to me that the advent of social media and various technologies has not only not hurt our students' ability to interact - these technologies have enhanced that ability.

Our students are more thoroughly connected, and more broadly connected to a variety of people, than ever before in our world's history. Almost every student is a content creator - volumes of content is published every day on Facebook and various social media sites. Kids are writers on Facebook and blogs, filmmakers on You Tube, critics on all these sites, composers on Garage Band and iNudge, graphic designers on Glogster, moderators in various groups, and content creators in any number of wonderful ways. They interact with one another in both surface, superficial ways and deep, meaningful ways. Adults who do not see the relevance and importance of social media and available technologies run the risk of losing valuable relationship opportunities and credibility.

Every generation of adults has pined for the "good old days" when things were the way tehy remembered as a kid - sometimes with good reason, and other times through rose colored glasses. A critical lesson we need to learn from history is that change will occur - we can't slow the sands of the hourglass nor the evolution of human ingenuity. As educators, the greatest "fail" with today's students is to resist the technologies that are the lifeblood of our young people. By embracing those technologies, we not only gain their potential benefits, we build credibility, empathy and engagement opportunities with our students.

For a look at a "school of the future" to see that embracing technology, creativity, and project based learning is a way to not only cultivate confident, competent, creative problem solvers, but also a way to build strong relationships, see this video of California's High Tech High:

21st Century Education - Really???

North teacher Andrew Taylor recently sent me a link to a blog post at http://teachpaperless.blogspot.com/ that was an actual final exam from a paperless social studies classroom. The concept is intriguing, and I think that after looking at the exam most people will have two reactions: one - this is a great authentic assessment - very true to the work historians might have to do, and the methodologies they would employ, and two - can anyone really do all of this in two hours and fifteen minutes?!?





View the exam post at http://teachpaperless.blogspot.com/2011/06/exam-day-demonstrating-understanding.html.





As I perused the page, elsewhere under favorite posts I found a great post speculating what things in education will be obsolete by 2020. While the technology world evolves this rapidly, I'm not sure I believe education will (it never has...), but one could make an argument that at least some of these changes will happen, and perhaps should. Take a look, and please feel free to comment on those changes you expect to happen, or others not included on this list:


21 Things That Will Become Obsolete in Education by 2020

Last night I read and posted the clip on '21 Things That Became Obsolete in the Last Decade'. Well, just for kicks, I put together my own list of '21 Things That Will Become Obsolete in Education by 2020'.

1. Desks
The 21st century does not fit neatly into rows. Neither should your students. Allow the network-based concepts of flow, collaboration, and dynamism help you rearrange your room for authentic 21st century learning.

2. Language Labs
Foreign language acquisition is only a smartphone away. Get rid of those clunky desktops and monitors and do something fun with that room.

3. Computers
Ok, so this is a trick answer. More precisely this one should read: 'Our concept of what a computer is'. Because computing is going mobile and over the next decade we're going to see the full fury of individualized computing via handhelds come to the fore. Can't wait.

4. Homework
The 21st century is a 24/7 environment. And the next decade is going to see the traditional temporal boundaries between home and school disappear. And despite whatever Secretary Duncan might say, we don't need kids to 'go to school' more; we need them to 'learn' more. And this will be done 24/7 and on the move (see #3).

5. The Role of Standardized Tests in College Admissions
The AP Exam is on its last legs. The SAT isn't far behind. Over the next ten years, we will see Digital Portfolios replace test scores as the #1 factor in college admissions.

6. Differentiated Instruction as the Sign of a Distinguished Teacher
The 21st century is customizable. In ten years, the teacher who hasn't yet figured out how to use tech to personalize learning will be the teacher out of a job. Differentiation won't make you 'distinguished'; it'll just be a natural part of your work.

7. Fear of Wikipedia
Wikipedia is the greatest democratizing force in the world right now. If you are afraid of letting your students peruse it, it's time you get over yourself.

8. Paperbacks
Books were nice. In ten years' time, all reading will be via digital means. And yes, I know, you like the 'feel' of paper. Well, in ten years' time you'll hardly tell the difference as 'paper' itself becomes digitized.

9. Attendance Offices
Bio scans. 'Nuff said.

10. Lockers.
A coat-check, maybe.

11. IT Departments
Ok, so this is another trick answer. More subtly put: IT Departments as we currently know them. Cloud computing and a decade's worth of increased wifi and satellite access will make some of the traditional roles of IT -- software, security, and connectivity -- a thing of the past. What will IT professionals do with all their free time? Innovate. Look to tech departments to instigate real change in the function of schools over the next twenty years.

12. Centralized Institutions
School buildings are going to become 'homebases' of learning, not the institutions where all learning happens. Buildings will get smaller and greener, student and teacher schedules will change to allow less people on campus at any one time, and more teachers and students will be going out into their communities to engage in experiential learning.

13. Organization of Educational Services by Grade
Education over the next ten years will become more individualized, leaving the bulk of grade-based learning in the past. Students will form peer groups by interest and these interest groups will petition for specialized learning. The structure of K-12 will be fundamentally altered.

14. Education School Classes that Fail to Integrate Social Technology
This is actually one that could occur over the next five years. Education Schools have to realize that if they are to remain relevant, they are going to have to demand that 21st century tech integration be modelled by the very professors who are supposed to be preparing our teachers.

15. Paid/Outsourced Professional Development
No one knows your school as well as you. With the power of a PLN in their backpockets, teachers will rise up to replace peripatetic professional development gurus as the source of schoolwide prof dev programs. This is already happening.

16. Current Curricular Norms
There is no reason why every student needs to take however many credits in the same course of study as every other student. The root of curricular change will be the shift in middle schools to a role as foundational content providers and high schools as places for specialized learning.

17. Parent-Teacher Conference Night
Ongoing parent-teacher relations in virtual reality will make parent-teacher conference nights seem quaint. Over the next ten years, parents and teachers will become closer than ever as a result of virtual communication opportunities. And parents will drive schools to become ever more tech integrated.

18. Typical Cafeteria Food
Nutrition information + handhelds + cost comparison = the end of $3.00 bowls of microwaved mac and cheese. At least, I so hope so.

19. Outsourced Graphic Design and Webmastering
You need a website/brochure/promo/etc.? Well, for goodness sake just let your kids do it. By the end of the decade -- in the best of schools -- they will be.

20. High School Algebra I
Within the decade, it will either become the norm to teach this course in middle school or we'll have finally woken up to the fact that there's no reason to give algebra weight over statistics and IT in high school for non-math majors (and they will have all taken it in middle school anyway).

21. Paper
In ten years' time, schools will decrease their paper consumption by no less than 90%. And the printing industry and the copier industry and the paper industry itself will either adjust or perish.
Posted by Shelly Blake-Plock at 9:45 AM